When authorized users select the column, then the data is automatically decrypted. When a user inserts data into an encrypted column, Transparent Data Encryption automatically encrypts the data. Transparent Data Encryption enables you to encrypt individual table columns or an entire tablespace. In recent years, industry regulations such as the Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standard and the Healthcare Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) have become a driving factor behind increased usage of encryption for protecting credit card and health care information, respectively. In most cases, you encrypt sensitive data, such as credit cards and Social Security numbers, to prevent access when backup tapes or disk drives are lost or stolen. You can address this problem by using Oracle Database Vault to control the access to your application data from database administrators. However, this problem is more of an access control problem, not an encryption problem. Historically, users have wanted to encrypt data to restrict data access from their database administrators. In most cases, you must encrypt sensitive data on your site to meet a regulatory compliance.įor example, sensitive data such as credit card numbers, Social Security numbers, or patient health information must be encrypted. To check the current encrypted settings, you can query the V$ENCRYPTED_TABLESPACES data dictionary view for tablespaces and the DBA_ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS view for encrypted columns. In addition, column encryption has limitations in data type support, and only supports B-tree indexes for equality searches. This double encryption can cause performance problems. For example, suppose you encrypt a table column and then encrypt its surrounding tablespace. You can encrypt individual table columns or an entire tablespace. The encryption key is stored in the data dictionary, but encrypted with another master key. Oracle Database uses a symmetric encryption key to perform this task, in which the same key is used to both encrypt and decrypt the data. Conversely, when you decrypt data, the key is used as input into the algorithm to reverse the process and retrieve the clear text data. When you encrypt data, Oracle Database uses the key and plain text data as input into the encryption algorithm. Oracle Database supports several industry-standard encryption and hashing algorithms, including the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption algorithm, which has been approved by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).Ī key to encrypt and decrypt data. Oracle Databases use the encryption algorithm to encrypt and decrypt data. You use encryption to protect data in a potentially unprotected environment, such as data you have placed on backup media that is sent to an offsite storage location.Įncrypting data includes the following components:Īn algorithm to encrypt the data. Encrypted data is data that has been disguised so that only an authorized recipient can read it.
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